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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis
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Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis

Published on: August 2, 2013

Spatiotemporal interactions in retinal prosthesis subjects.

Alan Horsager1, Robert J Greenberg, Ione Fine

  • 1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. horsager@usc.edu

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|September 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied how timing of electrical pulses affects vision restoration in retinitis pigmentosa patients. Precise spatiotemporal patterns are crucial for improving visual percepts from retinal prostheses.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) causes progressive vision loss, affecting millions globally.
  • Current research focuses on restoring functional vision using retinal prostheses with electrode arrays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spatiotemporal interactions between electrodes in retinal prostheses.
  • To understand how pulse timing influences visual percepts during stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Epiretinal electrode arrays (4x4) were implanted in six blind subjects.
  • Synchronous and asynchronous pulse trains at varying frequencies and separations were applied.
  • A same-different discrimination task assessed perceptual changes based on phase shifts.

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Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted with a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis: Part 2 Epiretinal Implants with Retinal Tacks
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Published on: February 14, 2015

Methodology for Biomimetic Chemical Neuromodulation of Rat Retinas with the Neurotransmitter Glutamate In Vitro
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Methodology for Biomimetic Chemical Neuromodulation of Rat Retinas with the Neurotransmitter Glutamate In Vitro

Published on: December 19, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis
12:01

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis

Published on: August 2, 2013

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted with a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis: Part 2 Epiretinal Implants with Retinal Tacks
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Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted with a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis: Part 2 Epiretinal Implants with Retinal Tacks

Published on: February 14, 2015

Methodology for Biomimetic Chemical Neuromodulation of Rat Retinas with the Neurotransmitter Glutamate In Vitro
12:56

Methodology for Biomimetic Chemical Neuromodulation of Rat Retinas with the Neurotransmitter Glutamate In Vitro

Published on: December 19, 2017

Main Results:

  • Subjects could distinguish spatiotemporal patterns with phase differences as small as 3 ms.
  • Perceptual quality is influenced by both electric field and neural-level spatiotemporal interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Electrode interactions significantly impact percept quality in multielectrode stimulation.
  • Understanding neural spatiotemporal interactions is key for designing effective retinal prostheses.