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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

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Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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Multiple level injuries in pediatric spinal trauma.

Susan T Mahan1, David P Mooney, Lawrence I Karlin

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. susan.mahan@childrens.harvard.edu

The Journal of Trauma
|September 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric spine injuries are more common in children over 8 years old. Noncontiguous spine fractures occurred in 6% of pediatric cases, similar to adult rates, highlighting the need for comprehensive imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Traumatology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The occurrence of associated, especially noncontiguous, spine injuries in pediatric patients is not well-documented.
  • Balancing radiation exposure reduction with the detection of concomitant injuries is crucial.
  • Understanding the risk of associated spine injuries in children is important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the rate of concomitant spine injuries in pediatric patients.
  • To compare the incidence of pediatric concomitant spine injuries to adult rates.

Main Methods:

  • A 10-year trauma registry review at a pediatric trauma center.
  • Inclusion of patients with spine injuries.
  • Data collection on demographics, concomitant injuries, treatment, injury location/nature, and multi-level injuries.

Main Results:

  • 195 pediatric patients with spine injuries were identified.
  • Patients over 8 years old constituted 76% of spine injuries.
  • 32% of patients had concomitant spine injuries, with 6% being noncontiguous (at least three levels apart).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric spine injuries are more prevalent in patients over 8 years old, who are also more prone to multi-level injuries.
  • The rate of noncontiguous pediatric spine fractures (6%) mirrors that in adults.
  • Imaging protocols for pediatric spinal injuries should encompass at least three levels above and below the primary injury, plus the entire thoracic spine and thoracolumbar junction.