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Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

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Published on: February 4, 2017

Mutual coherence of two coupled multiline continuous-wave HF lasers.

J M Bernard, R A Chodzko, H Mirels

    Optics Letters
    |September 11, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Two coupled continuous-wave hydrogen fluoride (HF) lasers demonstrated complete mutual coherence. Stable laser coupling was achieved without precise resonator length adjustments, simplifying laser system design.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Continuous-wave (cw) hydrogen fluoride (HF) lasers are valuable tools in chemical physics and spectroscopy.
    • Achieving stable and coherent coupling between multiple laser systems is crucial for advanced applications.
    • Unstable resonators offer unique beam characteristics but can present challenges in mode control and coupling.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mutual coherence of two coupled multiline cw HF lasers.
    • To determine the conditions necessary for stable coupling between such laser systems.
    • To assess the impact of resonator design on laser beam coherence.

    Main Methods:

    • Two multiline cw HF lasers with unstable resonators were utilized.
    • 20% of each laser's output was injected into the other laser for coupling.

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  • Mutual coherence was quantified by measuring the visibility (V) of interference fringes generated by overlapping the output beams.

    • Main Results:

    • Both single-line and multiline interference patterns were observed, indicating successful interference.
    • Complete coupling between the two laser outputs was achieved with 20% injection.
    • Stable coupling was demonstrated without the need for critical adjustments to individual laser resonator lengths.

    Conclusions:

    • Stable and coherent coupling of multiline cw HF lasers is achievable.
    • The demonstrated coupling method is robust and not overly sensitive to resonator length tuning.
    • This work simplifies the setup for coherent combination of HF laser outputs, potentially enabling new applications.