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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

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Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Published on: June 12, 2021

Mechanical circulatory support in the ICCU.

Antonis A Pitsis¹, Aikaterini Visouli

¹Thessaloniki Heart Institute, St Luke's Hospital-Cardiac Surgery, Thessaloniki, Greece. apitsis@otenet.gr

Acute Cardiac Care

|September 11, 2009

Summary

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) offers improving outcomes for acute heart failure (AHF) patients. Earlier, individualized MCS application and advanced technology are expanding its role, though guidelines lag behind clinical progress.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Cardiovascular Surgery
Medical Technology

Background:

Acute heart failure (AHF) continues to have high mortality rates despite therapeutic advancements.
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is a critical intervention for AHF refractory to standard treatments.
The role and application of MCS in AHF are evolving, expanding beyond historical contraindications.

Purpose of the Study:

To delineate the current and future applications of MCS in managing AHF.
To highlight the impact of technological advancements and improved patient selection on MCS outcomes.
To discuss the potential for earlier and more individualized MCS strategies, including bridging to recovery or future therapies.

Main Methods:

Review of current clinical practices and technological evolution in MCS for AHF.

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Analysis of patient selection criteria and management strategies.

Discussion of emerging support strategies and long-term applications.

Main Results:

MCS outcomes have substantially improved due to better patient selection, advanced devices, and enhanced management.
Novel, flexible, and individualized MCS strategies are now feasible, enabling earlier intervention.
Bridging to recovery and long-term support for future treatments are increasingly viable applications.

Conclusions:

The expanding role of MCS in AHF treatment is not yet fully integrated into current clinical guidelines.
Despite limited robust evidence from randomized trials due to application in critically ill patients, MCS results are progressively improving.
Systematic definition, recording, and guidance are needed for the anticipated wider application of MCS in AHF.