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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation
06:09

P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation

Published on: September 8, 2023

A neural network critical for spelling.

Lauren Cloutman1, Leila Gingis, Melissa Newhart

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Annals of Neurology
|September 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke can impair the graphemic buffer, crucial for spelling sequence. Brain imaging identified specific left hemisphere regions, including frontal and parietal cortex, linked to these spelling sequence deficits after ischemic stroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The graphemic buffer is a key component of working memory essential for accurate spelling.
  • Deficits in the graphemic buffer can lead to spelling impairments, but the underlying neuroanatomy is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific neuroanatomical regions in the left hemisphere associated with graphemic buffer deficits following ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 331 patients with left hemisphere ischemic stroke using spelling tests.
  • Utilized magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging within 48 hours of stroke onset.
  • Performed voxel-wise statistical mapping to correlate lesion location with spelling deficits.

Main Results:

  • Ischemia in posterior and inferior frontal cortex was associated with graphemic buffer impairment.
  • Damage to the parietal cortex, subcortical white matter (underlying prefrontal cortex), lateral occipital gyrus, or caudate nucleus also correlated with deficits in maintaining letter sequence during spelling.

Conclusions:

  • Specific left hemisphere brain regions, including frontal, parietal, and subcortical areas, are critical for the graphemic buffer's function in spelling.
  • Understanding these neuroanatomical correlates can inform the diagnosis and rehabilitation of spelling impairments after stroke.