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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Should PTSD Criterion A be retained?

Dean G Kilpatrick1, Heidi S Resnick, Ron Acierno

  • 1National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. kilpatdg@musc.edu

Journal of Traumatic Stress
|September 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study found that a less restrictive definition of Criterion A did not significantly increase posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence. This suggests the current PTSD diagnostic criteria may be appropriate with minor adjustments.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) Criterion A for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has faced criticism for potentially leading to "criterion creep."
  • Criterion A serves as a critical gatekeeper for PTSD diagnosis, defining the types of events that qualify as traumatic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that a nonrestrictive definition of Criterion A would substantially increase PTSD prevalence.
  • To evaluate the impact of modifying Criterion A on PTSD diagnosis in large population samples.

Main Methods:

  • The study assessed PTSD prevalence using criteria B, C, D, E, and F, without restricting Criterion A.
  • Data were collected from large probability samples of U.S. adolescents and Florida adults.

Main Results:

  • Few cases of PTSD were diagnosed in the absence of Criterion A1 events, offering limited support for the "criterion creep" hypothesis.
  • The findings suggest that a nonrestrictive approach to Criterion A does not dramatically inflate PTSD prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • It is recommended to retain Criterion A in PTSD diagnostic criteria.
  • Consideration should be given to permitting additional qualifying events and potentially expanding Criterion A2.
  • The study suggests considering that either Criterion A1 or A2 be met, with increased emphasis on Criterion F.