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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

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Published on: June 14, 2019

Attention during memory retrieval enhances future remembering.

Nicole M Dudukovic1, Sarah Dubrow, Anthony D Wagner

  • 1Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. nicole.dudukovic@trincoll.edu

Memory & Cognition
|September 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrieving memories while distracted impairs future recall and source memory. Attentive retrieval is crucial for strengthening memories and ensuring long-term retention of experiences.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory retrieval is a key learning process influencing future memory.
  • Divided attention during retrieval may weaken its learning effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how attention during memory retrieval impacts long-term retention.
  • To determine if divided attention during retrieval affects both item recognition and source memory.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied object images under full attention.
  • Initial retrieval (recognition and source memory) was performed under full or divided attention.
  • Long-term retention was assessed via recognition and source recollection tests 2 days later.

Main Results:

  • Superior performance on the second test for items initially retrieved under full attention versus divided attention.
  • Divided attention during initial retrieval reduced subsequent recognition and source recollection, even for correctly identified items.
  • Foils encountered during initial divided attention retrieval were less likely to be recognized later.

Conclusions:

  • Attentive retrieval is critical for effective learning through remembering.
  • Divided attention during retrieval significantly impairs both immediate and delayed memory consolidation.
  • Maintaining attention during memory retrieval enhances the encoding of both item and source information.