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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
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Published on: May 4, 2021

Microgravity decreases and hypergravity increases exhaled nitric oxide.

Lars L Karlsson1, Yannick Kerckx, Lars E Gustafsson

  • 1Section of Environmental Physiology, Dept. of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius v. 13, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. lars.karlsson@ki.se

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gravity changes significantly impact airway inflammation markers. Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) decreases in microgravity and increases in hypergravity, suggesting altered lung gas transfer affects NO levels during space missions.

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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
12:29

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Published on: May 23, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Space medicine
  • Respiratory physiology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Airway inflammation from toxic dust inhalation is a risk during planetary space missions.
  • Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a key biomarker for monitoring airway inflammation.
  • Altered gravity conditions in space may affect physiological processes, including lung function and NO levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of altered gravity on exhaled nitric oxide (NO).
  • To test the hypothesis that gravity changes affect exhaled NO by altering lung diffusing capacity and alveolar uptake.
  • To provide insights into respiratory health monitoring for astronauts.

Main Methods:

  • Studied five subjects in microgravity on the International Space Station.
  • Studied ten subjects in hypergravity using a human centrifuge (1-3g).
  • Measured exhaled NO concentrations at various airflow rates (50-500 ml/s).

Main Results:

  • Exhaled NO significantly decreased in microgravity (12.3 to 6.6 ppb).
  • Exhaled NO significantly increased in hypergravity compared to normal gravity (P ≤ 0.011).
  • Estimated alveolar NO increased significantly at 2g and 3g (P < 0.002).

Conclusions:

  • Gravity variations alter exhaled nitric oxide levels.
  • Changes in alveolar-to-lung capillary gas transfer likely modify exhaled NO.
  • Findings suggest gravity's role in respiratory monitoring for space exploration.