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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
05:19

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

Navigation for people with mild dementia.

Marike Hettinga1, Johannes De Boer, Eli Goldberg

  • 1ICT-Innovations in Healthcare, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands. m.hettinga@windesheim.nl

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
|September 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

GPS navigation may help people with dementia live independently. A study found familiar voices improved navigation effectiveness, with no evidence of unsafe pedestrian behavior while using mobile devices.

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Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise
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Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Assistive Technology

Background:

  • Maintaining community dwelling is a significant challenge for individuals with dementia.
  • Mobile device-based GPS navigation is a potential assistive technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the effectiveness and safety of GPS route navigation for people with dementia.
  • To assess the impact of different audio instruction types on navigation performance and pedestrian safety.

Main Methods:

  • An exploratory study involving individuals with dementia using mobile GPS navigation.
  • Evaluation of two audio instruction types: familiar voice vs. warning sounds.
  • Assessment of pedestrian safety during device operation.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of unsafe pedestrian behavior was observed.
  • Navigation instructions delivered by a familiar voice appeared to enhance system effectiveness.
  • Warning sounds seemed to negatively impact navigation system effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • GPS route navigation shows promise as a supportive tool for community-dwelling individuals with dementia.
  • Familiar voice prompts may be a more effective auditory cue than warning sounds for this population.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and optimize the technology.