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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage. When...

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2021

An ECG analysis interactive training system for understanding arrhythmias.

Yvon Lessard¹, Jean-Paul Sinteff, Pridi Siregar

¹Department of Medical Physiology, IFR 140 GFAS, University of Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes cedex, France. yvon.lessard@univ-rennes1.fr

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

|September 12, 2009

Summary

This study introduces a computerized heart model to create arrhythmia cases for medical education. The novel tool enhances learning through interactive ECGs, animations, and a diagnostic questionnaire, improving understanding of complex cardiac rhythms.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Medical Education
Computational Biology

Background:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is crucial for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases.
Effective teaching tools for cardiac arrhythmias are essential for medical students.
Existing methods may not fully illustrate complex electrophysiological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a computerized qualitative model (QM) of the heart for generating arrhythmia teaching cases.
To create an interactive learning tool combining ECG, diagrams, and 2D cardiac animations.
To assess the utility of this tool in teaching arrhythmia diagnosis.

Main Methods:

Utilized a computerized qualitative model (QM) to generate videograms of cardiac disturbances.
Developed a Flash-based player for synchronized display of ECG, Lewis diagrams, and 2D cardiac animations.
Implemented a standardized questionnaire (OAAT) for diagnosing five main arrhythmia types against normal sinus rhythm (NSR).

Main Results:

The QM successfully generated diverse cardiac disturbance videograms.
Students used the tool in practical sessions, engaging with interactive learning modules.
Learners could achieve a 100% score through unlimited practice and feedback.

Conclusions:

The integrated tool, featuring unlimited case review and step-by-step visualization, offers an efficient method for understanding complex arrhythmias.
This approach significantly aids medical students in grasping electrophysiological principles of abnormal heart rhythms.
The computerized model provides a valuable supplement to traditional medical teaching for cardiovascular conditions.