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High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages
Published on: August 11, 2014
Invasive salmonellosis in Malawi.
Melita A Gordon1, Stephen M Graham
1Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi. magordon@liverpool.ac.uk
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
|September 12, 2009
Summary
Invasive salmonellosis, including drug-resistant strains, is rising in Malawi, particularly in children and HIV patients. Typhoid fever incidence is decreasing, with Salmonella Typhi remaining sensitive to antibiotics.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Invasive salmonellosis incidence is increasing in Malawi, affecting children and HIV-infected adults.
- This rise is linked to drug resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium.
- Conversely, Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) remains sensitive to antibiotics, with a slight decrease in typhoid fever incidence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the changing epidemiology of invasive salmonellosis in Malawi.
- To understand the factors contributing to the emergence of drug resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella.
- To highlight the need for improved understanding and vaccine development for salmonellosis.
Main Methods:
- Epidemiological surveillance of invasive salmonellosis cases.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella isolates.
- Analysis of trends in non-typhoidal Salmonella and S. Typhi infections.
Main Results:
- Increased incidence of invasive salmonellosis and drug resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella (Enteritidis, Typhimurium).
- Decreased incidence of typhoid fever, with S. Typhi isolates remaining fully sensitive to antibiotics.
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella may be adapting to human transmission in immunosuppressed populations.
Conclusions:
- The emergence of drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella poses a significant public health threat in Malawi.
- Understanding the epidemiology of invasive salmonellosis is crucial for effective control and prevention strategies.
- Vaccine development for Salmonella is urgently needed given the high mortality and increasing resistance.
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