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Related Concept Videos

Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...

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A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
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Published on: January 22, 2016

Open-label pilot study of modafinil for methamphetamine dependence.

Janette McGaugh1, Michael J Mancino, Zachary Feldman

  • 1Medical Department, Community Counseling Services Inc, Hot Springs, AR, USA.

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
|September 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Modafinil, an investigational drug for methamphetamine abuse, was found safe and tolerable in a pilot study. Participants showed reduced anxiety and depression symptoms, with self-reported methamphetamine use decreasing significantly.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Methamphetamine abuse presents a significant global public health challenge, particularly in the United States.
  • Currently, no effective pharmacotherapy exists for treating methamphetamine dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and tolerability of modafinil as a potential treatment for methamphetamine dependence.
  • To assess modafinil's impact on anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-week, open-label pilot clinical trial involving 8 methamphetamine-dependent individuals.
  • Participants received modafinil up to 400 mg/day, weekly cognitive behavioral therapy, and contingency management.
  • Safety was monitored via vital signs; efficacy was assessed through urine samples, self-reported drug use, and standardized anxiety/depression scales.

Main Results:

  • Modafinil was safe and well-tolerated, with no significant changes in vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate).
  • Significant reductions in self-reported anxiety and depression scores were observed.
  • A significant decrease in self-reported methamphetamine use was noted, though urine amphetamine positivity did not change significantly.

Conclusions:

  • Modafinil, at a dosage of 400 mg/day, appears to be a safe and tolerable option for individuals with methamphetamine dependence.
  • The observed reductions in anxiety, depression, and self-reported methamphetamine use suggest potential therapeutic benefits warranting further investigation.