Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Does three-dimensional facial morphology relate to risk of sleep-disordered breathing in children? A cross-sectional study.

Science progress·2026
Same author

Using peri-operative patient- and parent-reported experience and outcome measures to identify paediatric postsurgical recovery trajectories: an observational cohort study.

Anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Predicting Nasopharyngeal Depth in Children Using Body Measurements: A Pilot Study.

Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale·2025
Same author

Environmental sustainability in pediatric otolaryngology: An international survey of operating room practice patterns.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2025
Same author

Correction: Development and validation of the airway surgery enclosure for high-risk aerosol-generating airway procedures: a bench and clinical study.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Development and validation of the airway surgery enclosure for high-risk aerosol-generating airway procedures: a bench and clinical study.

Scientific reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
08:34

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Pediatric head and neck malignancies.

Neil K Chadha1, Vito Forte

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|September 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood head and neck cancers are rare but require early recognition. Advances in understanding tumor biology are improving diagnosis and individualizing treatment for these pediatric malignancies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
08:34

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Head and neck masses are common in children, but malignancy is rare.
  • Early recognition of malignancy is crucial for otolaryngologists managing these cases.
  • Understanding tumor biology is key to improving outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, diagnosis, investigation, treatment, and prognosis of common pediatric head and neck malignancies.
  • To highlight recent advancements in characterizing these cancers.
  • To summarize current evidence for diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the latest evidence on childhood head and neck malignancy.
  • Synthesis of information from tumor biology studies, clinical trials, case series, and case reports.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding the epidemiologic, phenotypic, and genotypic variability of these cancers.
  • Improved diagnostics and prognostic estimates based on enhanced tumor biology awareness.
  • Increasing individualization of treatment regimens for pediatric head and neck cancers.

Conclusions:

  • The rarity of these tumors limits high-level evidence for treatment guidance.
  • A combination of research approaches, including translational studies and clinical trials, is essential.
  • Continued advances in diagnosis and treatment are expected through ongoing research efforts.