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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
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Mixing is a fascinating phenomenon in thermodynamics, particularly when considering the Gibbs energy of a mixture at constant temperature and pressure. This energy, denoted as G, tends to decrease during spontaneous mixing processes, offering insights into the composition changes that occur.Imagine two ideal gases, initially separated in different containers, with amounts nA and nB, respectively, both at a temperature T and pressure p. The chemical potentials of these gases have their 'pure'...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Supercontinuum generated by six-photon mixing.

J T Manassah, M A Mustafa

    Optics Letters
    |September 12, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We calculated the ultrafast pulse shape, phase, and spectrum in a six-photon mixing medium. This analysis considers self-steepening effects in a dispersionless environment.

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    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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    Published on: September 5, 2019

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    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

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    Published on: June 8, 2018

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Ultrafast Laser Science

    Background:

    • Ultrafast pulse propagation is crucial for high-intensity laser applications.
    • Nonlinear optical phenomena, such as six-photon mixing, enable novel light-matter interactions.
    • Understanding pulse evolution in nonlinear media is key to controlling light properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the spectral and phase evolution of ultrafast pulses.
    • To investigate the impact of chi((5)) nonlinearity on pulse characteristics.
    • To analyze pulse shaping and spectral distribution in a specific nonlinear medium.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the plane-wave approximation for theoretical calculations.
    • Modeling pulse propagation in a dispersionless medium.
    • Incorporating self-steepening effects into the propagation model.

    Main Results:

    • Obtained the precise shape of the ultrafast pulse after propagation.
    • Characterized the phase modulation introduced by the nonlinear medium.
    • Determined the resulting spectral distribution of the propagated pulse.

    Conclusions:

    • Self-steepening significantly influences ultrafast pulse dynamics in chi((5)) media.
    • The study provides a theoretical framework for analyzing nonlinear pulse evolution.
    • Results are applicable to the design of advanced optical systems utilizing high-order nonlinearities.