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Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Biomimetic Replication of Root Surface Microstructure using Alteration of Soft Lithography
05:53

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Published on: August 5, 2020

Synthetic morphology using alternative inputs.

Hiromasa Tanaka1, Tau-Mu Yi

  • 1Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.

Plos One
|September 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic biology can engineer yeast cell shape. Researchers used genetic manipulations, termed Alternative Inputs (AIs), to create multiple mating projections without alpha-factor, successfully re-engineering cell morphology.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Cellular morphology
  • Yeast genetics

Background:

  • Yeast cells exhibit a specific morphology when exposed to alpha-factor.
  • This involves the formation of mating projections.
  • Replicating this phenotype without the natural inducer is a synthetic biology challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer the multiple mating projections phenotype in yeast cells without alpha-factor.
  • To explore the use of "Alternative Inputs" (AIs) for gain-of-function genetic manipulation.
  • To identify specific genetic modifications that trigger this morphological change.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a gain-of-function approach with Alternative Inputs (AIs).
  • Systematically screened combinations of AIs and gene deletions using an AIs-Deletions matrix.
  • Investigated the role of specific proteins like Ste4p and Ste5p in pathway activation.

Main Results:

  • Individual AIs did not produce multiple projections, though some induced a single projection.
  • A combination of AI-Ste5p and ste2 deletion enhanced multiple projection formation.
  • Specific combinations, including AI-Ste4p and AI-Ste5p, and overexpression of a membrane-targeted Ste5p, successfully induced multiple projections.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully re-engineered yeast multiple mating projections morphology using AIs.
  • Demonstrated that specific genetic manipulations can bypass natural signaling pathways.
  • Provides a novel method for controlling cell morphology in synthetic biology applications.