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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Sexual dimorphism in autoimmune disease.

P A McCombe1, J M Greer, I R Mackay

  • 1The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, Australia. pamela.mccombe@uq.edu.au

Current Molecular Medicine
|September 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Sex significantly influences autoimmune disease risk, with many conditions more prevalent in females, while others affect males more. Understanding these sex-based differences is crucial for research and treatment.

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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:55

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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases exhibit varying prevalences between males and females across human and animal models.
  • Conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis are more common in females, whereas autoimmune diabetes and psoriasis affect males more frequently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reasons behind the differing incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases in females and males.
  • To explore the roles of sex hormones, genetics, environmental factors, and pregnancy in sex-based autoimmune disease disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on autoimmunity, sex differences, and related factors.
  • Analysis of the impact of sex hormones on immune function and autoimmune disease.
  • Examination of genetic factors, including sex chromosomes and X chromosome inactivation.
  • Survey of epigenetic mechanisms and environmental influences.

Main Results:

  • Significant sexual dimorphism observed in autoimmune disease prevalence, mirroring findings in animal models.
  • Sex hormones, genetic predispositions (X and Y chromosomes), environmental exposures, and pregnancy-associated factors contribute to these differences.
  • Evidence suggests innate differences in immune system function and organ susceptibility between sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Sex is a critical variable that must be incorporated into all immunological and biological research.
  • Understanding sex-based differences is essential for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases.