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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Update on comparative genome mapping between Malus and Pyrus.

Jean-Marc Celton1, David Chagné, Stuart D Tustin

  • 1University of Western Cape, Biotechnology Department, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa. jcelton@mail.biotech.uwc.ac.za

BMC Research Notes
|September 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Comparative genome mapping reveals high collinearity between Malus (apple) and Pyrus (pear) genomes. This confirms the transferability of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, aiding genetic studies in the Maloideae subfamily.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Comparative genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Comparative genome mapping links homologous genes across related plant taxa.
  • It aids in characterizing genes in less-studied species using data from well-studied ones.
  • Genome collinearity is suggested in Maloideae (apple, pear) but map comparisons were incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and compare genetic maps for apple and pear.
  • To assess the collinearity between Malus and Pyrus genomes.
  • To evaluate the transferability of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers between these genera.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic maps were created for apple ('Malling 9', 'Robusta 5') and pear ('Bartlett', 'La France') using SSR markers.
  • A new set of 73 pear Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) SSR markers was utilized.
  • Integrated maps were constructed using common SSR markers (87 for apple, 131 for pear).

Main Results:

  • Integrated genetic maps for apple and pear were constructed.
  • Alignment of 102 common markers revealed complete collinearity in 90 anchor markers between the two genomes.
  • This demonstrates significant genome co-linearity between Malus and Pyrus.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms high collinearity between Malus and Pyrus genomes.
  • Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers are readily transferable between these genera.
  • This supports extensive genome co-linearity within the Maloideae subfamily.