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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...

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Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome
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Mitochondria: joining forces to thwart cell death.

Arezu Jahani-Asl1, Marc Germain, Ruth S Slack

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, Ont. Canada K1H 8M5.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|September 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion and fission, and their transport are key to neuronal survival. Disruptions in these processes impact cell death pathways like apoptosis and excitotoxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are dynamic organelles crucial for cellular energy.
  • Their function is regulated by fusion, fission, and active transport along microtubules, especially in neurons.
  • These processes are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of cell fate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial fusion and fission.
  • To explore how these dynamics influence neuronal survival.
  • To discuss the role of mitochondrial dynamics in apoptosis and excitotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence on mitochondrial dynamics and neuronal injury.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial fusion, fission, and transport.
  • Examination of the link between mitochondrial dynamics and cell death pathways.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial fusion/fission machinery and motor proteins are critical regulators of neuronal metabolism and cell death.
  • Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to cell death in conditions like apoptosis and excitotoxicity.
  • Active transport of mitochondria along microtubules is a key regulatory mechanism in neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dynamics are pivotal for maintaining neuronal health and preventing cell death.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into neuroprotection strategies.
  • Targeting mitochondrial dynamics may hold therapeutic potential for acute neuronal injury.