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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...

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Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
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Published on: June 20, 2016

What can we learn from ambient ionization techniques?

Huanwen Chen1, Gerardo Gamez, Renato Zenobi

  • 1Applied Chemistry Department, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, China.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|September 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ambient mass spectrometry offers rapid analysis with minimal sample preparation. Further research is needed to overcome challenges in quantitative analysis, matrix effects, and ionization mechanisms for this evolving technique.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has rapidly advanced in the last five years.
  • Numerous ionization methods are now available for AMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the applications of AMS.
  • To discuss challenges in quantitative AMS.
  • To explore ion formation mechanisms in AMS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ambient mass spectrometry.
  • Analysis of applications, quantitative challenges, and ionization mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • AMS applications are diverse but quantitative use faces hurdles.
  • Matrix effects and sampling of heterogeneous materials require further investigation.
  • Understanding and controlling ionization mechanisms is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Significant effort is needed to address quantitative limitations in AMS.
  • Standardization of terminology and methods is proposed to reduce acronym proliferation.