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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Reliable Method for Assessing Seed Germination, Dormancy, and Mortality under Field Conditions

Reliable Method for Assessing Seed Germination, Dormancy, and Mortality under Field Conditions

Published on: November 6, 2016

Parental memories shape seeds.

Fred Berger¹, Abed Chaudhury

¹Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 117604 Singapore. Fred@tll.org.sg

Trends in Plant Science

|September 15, 2009

Summary

Genomic imprinting, a phenomenon where genes are expressed based on parental origin, is regulated by epigenetic changes during female gamete formation. This review explores the mechanisms, evolution, and functions of imprinting in plant seed development.

Area of Science:

Plant molecular biology
Epigenetics
Developmental biology

Background:

Genomic imprinting, a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern, was first observed in seed development.
Imprinted genes are primarily expressed in the endosperm, crucial for embryo nourishment.
Sixteen imprinted genes identified in Arabidopsis and maize to date.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent findings on the epigenetic regulation of genomic imprinting.
To discuss the evolutionary origins and biological functions of imprinting.
To explore the role of global epigenetic changes during female gametogenesis in imprinting.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies on genomic imprinting.
Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone methylation.

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Discussion of evolutionary and functional aspects of imprinting.

Main Results:

Imprinting is regulated by DNA methylation or Polycomb Group complex-mediated histone methylation.
Recent studies suggest imprinting arises from global epigenetic changes during female gametogenesis.
Imprinted genes are predominantly expressed in the endosperm.

Conclusions:

Genomic imprinting involves complex epigenetic regulation.
Understanding imprinting provides insights into seed development and evolution.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and evolution of imprinting.