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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
07:09

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity

Published on: January 7, 2019

MKP-1 is necessary for T cell activation and function.

Yongliang Zhang1, Joseph M Reynolds, Seon Hee Chang

  • 1Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|September 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is essential for T cell activation and immune responses. MKP-1 deficiency impairs T cell function and anti-influenza immunity, suggesting its therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases.

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Published on: February 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are crucial immune regulators.
  • MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), like MKP-1 (DUSP1), modulate MAPK activity and immune responses.
  • MKP-1 was previously known to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines in innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of MKP-1 in T cell activation and adaptive immunity.
  • To determine the impact of MKP-1 deficiency on T cell function in vitro and in vivo.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting MKP-1 in autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Studied T cell activation, proliferation, and function in MKP-1 deficient T cells in vitro.
  • Analyzed JNK activation and NFATc1 nuclear translocation in T cells.
  • Assessed anti-influenza immunity and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in MKP-1 deficient mice.

Main Results:

  • MKP-1 deficiency impaired T cell activation, proliferation, and function.
  • Enhanced JNK activation and reduced NFATc1 translocation were observed in MKP-1 deficient T cells.
  • MKP-1 deficient mice exhibited defects in anti-influenza immunity and resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Conclusions:

  • MKP-1 is a critical positive regulator of T cell activation and function.
  • MKP-1 plays a significant role in adaptive immunity.
  • Targeting MKP-1 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases.