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Sampling, Identification and Characterization of Microplastics Release from Polypropylene Baby Feeding Bottle during Daily Use

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Polycarbonate bottle use and urinary bisphenol A concentrations.

Jenny L Carwile¹, Henry T Luu, Laura S Bassett

¹Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Environmental Health Perspectives

|September 15, 2009

Summary

Using polycarbonate bottles for beverages significantly increases urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in humans. This study highlights the impact of common plastic containers on BPA exposure levels.

Keywords:

biomarkers bisphenol A endocrine disruptors human polycarbonate plastic

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Toxicology
Endocrinology

Background:

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely produced chemical used in polycarbonate plastics.
Low BPA levels may disrupt endocrine function in animals and potentially humans.
The effect of consuming food/beverages from polycarbonate containers on human BPA levels was previously unstudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between using polycarbonate beverage containers and urinary BPA concentrations.
To quantify the change in human urinary BPA levels after a period of polycarbonate bottle use.

Main Methods:

A nonrandomized intervention study involving 77 Harvard College students.
Urinary BPA concentrations were measured after a 1-week washout period and after a 1-week intervention period.
During the intervention, participants consumed most cold beverages from polycarbonate bottles.
Paired t-tests analyzed the difference in urinary BPA concentrations before and after the intervention.

Main Results:

Urinary BPA concentrations rose from a geometric mean of 1.2 microg/g creatinine to 2.0 microg/g creatinine after 1 week of polycarbonate bottle use.
A 69% increase in urinary BPA concentrations was observed (p < 0.0001).
Higher compliance with bottle use correlated with a larger BPA increase, though not significantly different between compliance groups.

Conclusions:

One week of using polycarbonate bottles led to a significant two-thirds increase in urinary BPA concentrations.
Regular consumption of cold beverages from polycarbonate bottles substantially elevates urinary BPA levels, regardless of other BPA exposure sources.