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Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
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A brain-machine interface instructed by direct intracortical microstimulation.

Joseph E O'Doherty1, Mikhail A Lebedev, Timothy L Hanson

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Durham, NC, USA.

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
|September 15, 2009
PubMed
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Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) can be enhanced with intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) to provide sensory feedback. This bidirectional communication improves control of neuroprosthetic devices, aiding paralysis recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

  • Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) offer potential for restoring function in paralyzed individuals.
  • Effective neuroprostheses require bidirectional communication for sensory feedback and improved control.
  • Current BMIs lack robust sensory feedback mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) for providing somatosensory feedback in a BMI.
  • To determine if direct brain stimulation can enhance BMI control and prosthetic sensation.
  • To compare the effectiveness of stimulating different brain regions (S1 and PP) for sensory feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Rhesus monkeys were trained to use a BMI to control reaching movements.
Keywords:
brain–machine interfacecortical microstimulationneuronal ensemble recordingsneuroprostheticsprimate

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  • Somatosensory feedback was delivered via vibrotactile stimulation or multi-channel ICMS to S1 or PP.
  • Performance was assessed based on the monkeys' proficiency in utilizing sensory information for BMI control.

    • Main Results:

    • Monkeys achieved proficiency using ICMS of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) for BMI control, comparable to hand stimulation.
    • Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the posterior parietal cortex (PP) was ineffective for sensory instruction.
    • Direct intracortical input via S1 ICMS enabled effective bidirectional communication within the BMI.

    Conclusions:

    • Bidirectional BMIs incorporating chronic multi-electrode recording and S1 microstimulation can achieve direct brain-device communication.
    • ICMS of S1 is a viable method for sensorizing neuroprosthetic devices, enhancing control and perception.
    • This approach holds promise for future neuroprosthetic applications in restoring function for paralyzed individuals.