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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
Protecting Self-Esteem01:27

Protecting Self-Esteem

Self-esteem, a central component of psychological well-being, is actively maintained through various cognitive and behavioral strategies. Individuals employ specific mechanisms to preserve a positive self-concept and mitigate threats to their self-worth, particularly in contexts involving social evaluation or personal feedback. Four primary techniques are commonly used to sustain self-esteem.Manipulating AppraisalsOne prominent strategy involves manipulating appraisals from others. Individuals...
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 11, 2010

Eyeing the underdog.

Kerry Grens

    Nature
    |September 15, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Philadelphia's growing biotechnology sector may offset job losses from the declining pharmaceutical industry. This investigation explores the potential for job absorption and industry evolution in the region.

    Area of Science:

    • Biotechnology
    • Pharmaceutical Industry Analysis
    • Regional Economic Impact

    Background:

    • The pharmaceutical industry in Philadelphia has experienced significant downsizing.
    • The biotechnology sector in the region has shown consistent growth.
    • There is a need to understand the labor market dynamics between these two sectors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the capacity of Philadelphia's biotechnology industry to absorb workforce redundancies from the pharmaceutical sector.
    • To analyze the potential for job transition and skill alignment between the two industries.
    • To assess the overall economic resilience of Philadelphia's life sciences cluster.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of employment data from Philadelphia's biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors.

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  • Review of industry growth trends and job creation projections.
  • Examination of skill sets and training requirements for roles in both sectors.
  • Main Results:

    • Preliminary data suggests a potential for job absorption, but with specific skill gaps.
    • Biotechnology job growth shows promise in offsetting some pharmaceutical job losses.
    • Further analysis is required to quantify the exact absorption capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • Philadelphia's biotechnology industry presents a partial solution to pharmaceutical job displacement.
    • Targeted training programs may be necessary to facilitate workforce transition.
    • The long-term economic health of the region's life sciences depends on adaptive strategies.