Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Management of sleep disturbances in the ICU: a secondary analysis of the ESPRIT study.

Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine·2026
Same author

REM sleep favors the restructuring of problem-related semantic associations.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Sleep-like slow waves during resting-state: A promising EEG biomarker of amyloid and neurodegeneration in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Genetic associations between post-traumatic stress disorder and REM-sleep behavior disorder.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

The hidden burden of narcolepsy type 1: Discordance in psychobehavioral symptoms between patient self-reports and reports from close family members and friends.

Sleep medicine·2026
Same author

Dream-like mental states can occur during wakefulness.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Nighttime light exposure is associated with metabolic dysfunction in schizophrenia: A cross-sectional analysis of the LENS study.

Sleep·2026
Same journal

Sleep Need Outcompetes Preparation: Reframing Sleep Initiation Through Naturalistic Behaviour.

Sleep·2026
Same journal

The Quest for Automated Pediatric Sleep Scoring: Are We There Yet?

Sleep·2026
Same journal

Sex Differences in the Sleep Architecture and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in C57BL/6 J Mice.

Sleep·2026
Same journal

Differential Effects of Prenatal Depression and Anxiety on Infant Sleep: Dual-Pathway Mechanisms Involving the HPA Axis and the Gut-Brain Axis.

Sleep·2026
Same journal

Metabolic Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Two Sides of the Same Coin.

Sleep·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

Narcolepsy with long sleep time: a specific entity?

Cyrille Vernet1, Isabelle Arnulf

  • 1Sleep disorder unit, National reference center for narcolepsy and hypersomnia, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris 6 University and INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France.

Sleep
|September 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new narcolepsy subtype with long sleep time affects 18% of patients, presenting severe sleepiness and unrefreshing naps, suggesting arousal system dysfunction.

More Related Videos

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster
05:59

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: October 20, 2023

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster
05:59

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: October 20, 2023

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Classical narcolepsy characterized by sleepiness, cataplexy, and disrupted sleep.
  • Some narcolepsy patients exhibit long sleep times, resembling idiopathic hypersomnia.
  • Long-term monitoring reveals atypical narcolepsy presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel narcolepsy subtype defined by prolonged sleep duration.
  • Investigate the clinical and genetic features of narcolepsy with long sleep time.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled, prospective cohort study involving 160 newly diagnosed narcolepsy patients.
  • Comparison of narcoleptics with (n=23) and without (n=29) long sleep time against hypersomniacs (n=25) and healthy controls (n=20).
  • Utilized interviews, questionnaires, HLA genotyping, polysomnography, MSLT, and 24-h sleep monitoring.

Main Results:

  • 18% (29/160) of narcoleptics presented with long sleep time (>11 h/24 h).
  • This subgroup shared cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and HLA DQB1*0602 positivity rates with typical narcoleptics but had longer sleep duration, higher sleep efficiency, and lower Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores.
  • Narcoleptics with long sleep time reported more unrefreshing naps; only 3/23 met criteria for core narcolepsy.

Conclusions:

  • A distinct narcolepsy subtype with long sleep time exists, comprising 18% of patients.
  • This subtype exhibits a combination of narcolepsy (severe sleepiness) and idiopathic hypersomnia (long, unrefreshing sleep) symptoms.
  • These findings suggest potential multiple arousal system dysfunctions in this narcolepsy subgroup.