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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

Intensification with prandial insulin.

A Pfützner¹, T Forst

¹IKFE-Institute for Clinical Research and Development, Parcusstrasse 8, Mainz, Germany. AndreasP@ikfe.de

International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement

|September 16, 2009

Summary

For type 2 diabetes patients needing insulin, adding short-acting insulin doses is more effective than premixed options. A simple algorithm can guide insulin intensification in primary care settings.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Diseases
Pharmacology

Background:

Type 2 diabetes management often requires insulin therapy for glycemic control.
Primary care physicians face challenges in optimizing insulin regimens.

Purpose of the Study:

To review strategies for effective insulin intensification in primary care.
To identify optimal approaches for achieving glycemic targets in type 2 diabetes.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review.
Expert discussions from the Insulin Intensification Summit.

Main Results:

Targeting postprandial glucose improves glycemic control near target levels.
Adding prandial short-acting insulin is superior to switching to premixed insulin.

More Related Videos

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas

Published on: July 25, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas

Published on: July 25, 2025

Short-acting analogue insulins offer advantages for basal insulin intensification.

Conclusions:

Intensifying basal insulin with prandial short-acting insulin analogues, guided by a simple algorithm, is most effective.
Regimen selection should be tailored to local healthcare needs and resources.