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Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
RNA-seq03:21

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
08:50

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

Enhancing non-coding RNA information content with ADAR editing.

Georges St Laurent1, Yiannis A Savva, Robert Reenan

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.

Neuroscience Letters
|September 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) edit the non-coding transcriptome in nervous systems. This interaction enhances cellular information processing, particularly during stress and inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • The non-coding transcriptome in nervous system tissues is complex and plays regulatory roles.
  • Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are enzymes that modify RNA.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for signal transduction and information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interaction between ADARs and the non-coding transcriptome.
  • To explore the role of this interaction in cellular information processing within the nervous system.
  • To examine the functional consequences of ADAR activity on ncRNAs during stress and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on ADARs and the non-coding transcriptome.
  • Analysis of ADAR-ncRNA interactions as a computational matrix.
  • Examination of ADAR activity in the context of stress response and inflammation.

Main Results:

  • ADARs act on the non-coding transcriptome, enhancing cellular information processing capabilities.
  • Increased ADAR activity during stress and inflammation leads to significant information processing events.
  • These events alter the functional state of nervous system cells.

Conclusions:

  • ADARs significantly contribute to the information processing capacity of the nervous system by interacting with the non-coding transcriptome.
  • The dynamic regulation of ADAR activity provides flexibility and fine-tuning of critical cellular pathways.
  • Understanding ADAR-ncRNA interactions is key to comprehending nervous system function and response to stimuli.