Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Drug-Receptor Interaction: Antagonist01:28

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Antagonist

An antagonist is a drug that binds strongly to a receptor without activating it. An antagonist prevents other molecules, such as neurotransmitters or hormones, from binding to the receptor and triggering a cellular response. Such interaction effectively hinders the normal physiological processes mediated by the receptor, resulting in various pharmacological effects depending on the specific receptor targeted.
Antagonists can be classified as competitive or noncompetitive based on their...
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors have equal affinities for...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Blood Pressure Responses to Dietary Salt in Renin-Deficient Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats.

American journal of physiology. Renal physiology·2026
Same author

Sex differences in the progression of salt-sensitive hypertension in aged Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2026
Same author

Longitudinal multiorgan transcriptomic atlas of salt-induced hypertension.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

Dietary salt impairs circadian physiological metabolic adaptations in salt-sensitive hypertension.

Function (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Abnormal purinergic signaling contributes to development of renal cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Purinergic signalling·2026
Same author

MCD enzyme deficiency drives early mortality and multiorgan metabolic disruption in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

iScience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
07:15

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Published on: August 23, 2024

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonists decrease Na+ transport via the epithelial Na+ channel.

Tengis S Pavlov1, Vladislav Levchenko, Alexey V Karpushev

  • 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Molecular Pharmacology
|September 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activity is crucial for regulating sodium transport in the kidneys, impacting blood pressure. This study reveals PPARgamma

More Related Videos

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
07:15

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Published on: August 23, 2024

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is key for renal sodium absorption, influencing blood volume and pressure.
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists treat type 2 diabetes but cause fluid retention, with unclear effects on ENaC.
  • Contradictory findings exist regarding PPARgamma agonists' impact on ENaC-mediated salt absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PPARgamma in regulating epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in the renal collecting duct.
  • To clarify the controversial effects of PPARgamma agonists on renal sodium transport and ENaC function.

Main Methods:

  • Short-circuit current measurements in cultured mpkCCDc14 cells to assess Na+ transport.
  • Experiments using PPARgamma agonists (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, troglitazone, PGJ2) and antagonists (T0070907, GW9662).
  • Reconstitution of ENaC subunits and PPARgamma in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.

Main Results:

  • PPARgamma agonists did not enhance Na+ transport in mpkCCDc14 cells.
  • PPARgamma antagonists (T0070907, GW9662) decreased Na+ reabsorption and diminished insulin-stimulated sodium transport.
  • PPARgamma was shown to enhance ENaC activity in reconstituted systems, while GW9662 inhibited it.

Conclusions:

  • PPARgamma activity is essential for basal and insulin-dependent transepithelial sodium transport.
  • PPARgamma plays a significant role in regulating ENaC activity in the renal collecting duct.
  • The findings clarify the complex relationship between PPARgamma, ENaC, and renal sodium handling.