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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.
Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

Coherence theoretic algorithm to determine the transverse-mode structure of lasers.

J Turunen, E Tervonen, A T Friberg

    Optics Letters
    |September 16, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a new algorithm to measure Hermite-Gaussian modal weights in laser beams. This method is robust against moderate noise levels, improving laser beam analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Laser beams often consist of multiple superimposed modes, such as Hermite-Gaussian modes.
    • Accurate determination of modal weights is crucial for understanding and controlling laser beam properties.
    • Existing methods may be sensitive to noise or computationally intensive.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel algorithm for quantifying the relative modal weights of laser beams.
    • To provide a method based on fundamental coherence theory for mode analysis.
    • To assess the algorithm's performance and robustness, particularly in the presence of noise.

    Main Methods:

    • The algorithm utilizes the coherence theory of stable resonator modes.
    • Analysis is performed in the space-frequency domain.

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    Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

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    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
    14:18

    Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

    Published on: February 28, 2016

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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  • Numerical simulations were conducted to validate the method.

    • Main Results:

    • The algorithm successfully determines the relative modal weights of Hermite-Gaussian modes.
    • Numerical simulations demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness.
    • The method shows resilience to moderate levels of noise, indicating practical applicability.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed algorithm offers a reliable approach for laser beam modal analysis.
    • Its foundation in coherence theory provides a robust theoretical basis.
    • The noise-insensitivity suggests its utility in real-world experimental settings.