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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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Mode-locked fiber laser with a fiber phase modulator.

M W Phillips, A I Ferguson, G S Kino

    Optics Letters
    |September 16, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    A fiber laser using frequency modulation (FM) mode-locking and an integrated phase modulator achieved stable, low-threshold operation. This resulted in 200-picosecond pulses at 417 MHz with 15 mW average power.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Mode-locked fiber lasers are crucial for generating ultrashort optical pulses.
    • Traditional mode-locking techniques can involve complex setups or high losses.
    • Developing efficient and stable mode-locking methods for fiber lasers remains an active research area.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate frequency modulation (FM) mode-locked operation in a single-mode neodymium-doped (Nd3+) fiber laser.
    • To utilize an integrated fiber phase modulator for achieving mode-locking.
    • To evaluate the performance characteristics, including threshold, efficiency, pulse duration, repetition rate, and output power.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of an FM mode-locking scheme using an integrated fiber phase modulator within the laser cavity.

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  • Configuration of a low-loss cavity design for the Nd3+-doped fiber laser.
  • Characterization of the laser output, including pulse duration, repetition rate, and average power.
  • Main Results:

    • Successful achievement of stable FM mode-locked operation.
    • Observation of ~200-picosecond (psec) pulse durations.
    • Generation of pulses at a repetition rate of 417 megahertz (MHz).
    • Attainment of an average output power of 15 milliwatts (mW).
    • Demonstration of low threshold and high slope efficiency due to the low-loss cavity.

    Conclusions:

    • FM mode-locking with an integrated fiber phase modulator is an effective technique for single-mode Nd3+ fiber lasers.
    • The low-loss cavity configuration enables efficient laser operation with a low threshold and high slope efficiency.
    • The demonstrated laser system provides a stable source of picosecond pulses at a high repetition rate, suitable for various applications.