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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics
Published on: April 24, 2014
Abstract:
A general theory of noise and small-signal modulation of multielement laser diodes in the saturated regime is established. Nonlinear elements are connected to the ports of a linear-optical circuit oscillating in a single electromagnetic mode. The laser amplitude and phase fluctuations are expressed simply in terms of the scattering matrix of the linear-optical circuit at any baseband frequency and for an arbitrary electronic feedback. The case of a single laser diode and a single detector is treated to demonstrate this method. The correlation between optical power and electrical voltage fluctuations is shown to disappear at large output powers, in agreement with recent experiments.
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