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Related Concept Videos

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes loosely...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Left temporal lobe structural and functional abnormality underlying auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.

Kenneth Hugdahl1, Else-Marie Løberg, Merethe Nygård

  • 1Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|September 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia stem from misrepresentations of internally generated speech in the left temporal lobe, not from attention or executive control failures. This research offers a new model for understanding these complex auditory experiences.

Keywords:
auditory hallucinationsdichotic listeningfMRIpositive symptomsschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Auditory hallucinations are a core symptom of schizophrenia.
  • Previous theories suggested cognitive suppression failures or executive dysfunction.
  • Recent research offers alternative explanations rooted in neural mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent laboratory findings on the neurobiological underpinnings of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.
  • To propose a revised model for understanding the origin and nature of these hallucinations.
  • To integrate behavioral, structural, and functional neuroimaging data.

Main Methods:

  • Review of laboratory findings and existing literature.
  • Analysis of diagnostic questionnaires for symptom scoring.
  • Examination of behavioral, structural, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data.
  • Presentation of a theoretical model.

Main Results:

  • Auditory hallucinations are linked to internally generated speech misrepresentations.
  • These misrepresentations are lateralized to the left superior temporal gyrus and sulcus.
  • Structural MRI shows grey matter reduction in these temporal lobe areas.
  • Functional MRI data indicate altered activation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory hallucinations originate from neuronal abnormalities in the left temporal speech areas.
  • They are not caused by a failure of cognitive suppression or executive control.
  • Dysfunctional fronto-parietal networks may fail to regulate these aberrant speech representations.