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Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination

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Quantifying normal ankle joint volume: An anatomic study.

Reid W Draeger¹, Bikramjit Singh, Selene G Parekh

¹Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina Business School, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Carolina, USA.

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics

|September 16, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Normal human ankle joints hold a maximum volume of 16-30 mL. Understanding this maximal ankle joint volume is crucial for safe intraarticular injections and procedures to prevent joint damage.

Keywords:

Ankle joint arthroscopy intrarticular injection joint volume pressure volume

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Anatomy
Medical Imaging

Background:

Therapeutic and diagnostic procedures like intraarticular injections, arthrography, and ankle arthroscopy involve fluid introduction into the ankle joint.
Limited data exists on the maximal volume capacity of normal, nonpathologic human ankle joints.
This study aimed to quantify the volume of healthy adult ankle joints.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the maximal volume of normal human ankle joints.
To establish a reference range for safe fluid volumes during ankle interventions.

Main Methods:

Nine adult cadaveric ankle joints were utilized.
Fluoroscopic guidance and an intracompartmental pressure measurement device were employed.
Radiopaque dye was injected in 2 mL increments until stable pressure readings indicated maximal joint volume.

Main Results:

The mean maximal ankle joint volume was 20.9 ± 4.9 mL, with a range of 16-30 mL.
The average ankle joint pressure at maximal volume was 142.2 ± 13.8 mm Hg (range, 122-166 mm Hg).
Fluid extravasation into the flexor hallucis longus tendon sheath was observed in two specimens.

Conclusions:

Normal ankle joint volume ranges from 16-30 mL.
A potential communication pathway between the ankle joint and the flexor hallucis longus tendon sheath was identified.
Exceeding the determined maximal ankle joint volume may risk iatrogenic injury during procedures.