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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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Retronasal olfactory function in Parkinson's disease.

Basile N Landis1, Hélène Cao Van, Nils Guinand

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Geneva Medical School and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. bnlandis@yahoo.co.uk

The Laryngoscope
|September 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exhibit significantly impaired smelling abilities through both the nose (orthonasal) and the back of the throat (retronasal). This study found similar levels of olfactory dysfunction for both pathways in PD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory Research
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Orthonasal olfaction is known to be impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • Retronasal olfactory function may be preserved in some cases, even with compromised orthonasal olfaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare retronasal versus orthonasal olfactory function in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 45 Parkinson's disease patients (mean age 61).
  • Olfactory testing included standardized orthonasal (Sniffin' Sticks) and retronasal (aromatized powder identification kit) assessments.

Main Results:

  • All PD patients demonstrated hyposmia or functional anosmia for orthonasal olfaction.
  • Mean orthonasal identification score was 56% (±2.6%), and mean retronasal identification was 60% (±3%).
  • No significant difference was found between orthonasal and retronasal odor identification scores (P = .15).

Conclusions:

  • Parkinson's disease severely impairs both retronasal and orthonasal olfactory functions.
  • The magnitude of olfactory impairment is similar for both pathways in PD patients.
  • The implications for food intake behavior in PD patients are discussed.