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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

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Related Experiment Video

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In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

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Published on: May 5, 2023

Epigenetics--gene silencing.

¹Nuclear Medicine Department, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India

|September 17, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

RNA interference (RNAi) enables gene silencing for cellular processes and research. Radio-labeled antisense oligonucleotides (RASONs) offer novel therapeutic strategies for cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biotechnology

Background:

Discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) by ds RNA in 1998 by Fire and Mello.
RNAi mechanism for gene regulation via transcriptional (TGS) or post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS).
RNAi as a tool for experimental gene function elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

Review the impact of RNAi on biomedical research.
Explore novel medical and therapeutic applications of RNAi.
Highlight radio-labeled antisense oligonucleotides (RASONs) for cancer and neurodegenerative disease treatment.

Main Methods:

Discussion of gene silencing mechanisms.
Review of therapeutic applications of RASONs.
Analysis of antisense oligonucleotides (ASONs) for alternative splicing modulation.

Main Results:

RNAi is crucial for cellular processes and gene function studies.
RASONs show promise in diagnosing and treating cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
ASONs can correct aberrant splicing mutations in genetic disorders.

Conclusions:

RNAi has significantly impacted biomedical research.
RNAi-based therapeutics, particularly RASONs, hold great potential for future medicine.
ASONs offer a viable strategy for correcting splicing defects in inherited diseases.