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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
11:13

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Published on: September 14, 2013

Clostridium difficile infection: a re-emerging threat.

Hitoshi Honda1, Erik R Dubberke

  • 1Infectious Diseases Division, Washington University of School of Medicine, USA.

Missouri Medicine
|September 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Clostridium difficile infection, a growing healthcare threat, is increasingly severe due to a hypervirulent strain. Key prevention strategies include contact precautions and antimicrobial stewardship.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant healthcare-associated infection.
  • The incidence and severity of CDI are on the rise globally.
  • Recent outbreaks demonstrate severe outcomes linked to a hypervirulent C. difficile strain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing threat of Clostridium difficile infection.
  • To identify emerging risk factors and effective prevention strategies for CDI.
  • To emphasize the importance of clinical awareness for managing CDI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent epidemiological data on Clostridium difficile infection.
  • Analysis of emerging risk factors, including fluoroquinolone exposure and gastric acid suppression.

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Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
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Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
11:13

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Published on: September 14, 2013

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

  • Evaluation of current prevention measures such as contact precautions and antimicrobial stewardship.

    • Main Results:

    • Increasing incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection.
    • Identification of a hypervirulent strain associated with severe outcomes.
    • Fluoroquinolone exposure and gastric acid suppression recognized as significant risk factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Clostridium difficile infection poses a growing challenge in healthcare settings.
    • Hypervirulent strains and specific risk factors necessitate updated management approaches.
    • Enhanced awareness and implementation of prevention strategies are crucial for controlling CDI.