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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

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Published on: September 4, 2015

Nonequilibrium phase transformations at the air-liquid interface.

Christoffer Aberg1, Emma Sparr, Karen J Edler

  • 1Physical Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden. christoffer.aberg@gmail.com

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|September 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A theoretical model explains how ordered phases form at air-liquid interfaces in open solutions due to water chemical potential gradients. This is influenced by ambient conditions and solution properties, relevant for surfactant systems.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Open binary aqueous solutions exhibit nonequilibrium conditions at the air-liquid interface.
  • A gradient in the chemical potential of water exists near the interface, driving phase behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a theoretical model for ordered phase formation at air-liquid interfaces.
  • To analyze interfacial phase formation based on local water chemical potential and equilibrium phase behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of interfacial phenomena.
  • Analysis of phase behavior under nonequilibrium conditions.
  • Explicit calculations for a lamellar liquid-crystalline phase using sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)/water system parameters.

Main Results:

  • The formation of an interfacial phase is dependent on ambient conditions, bulk composition, and diffusive transport.
  • A lamellar liquid-crystalline phase formation is predicted for the AOT/water system under specific conditions.
  • The model provides insights into the structure of interfacial phases.

Conclusions:

  • The theoretical model successfully describes the formation of ordered interfacial phases in open aqueous solutions.
  • The findings are relevant for understanding air-surfactant-water interfaces and neutron reflectivity studies.
  • The model can be extended to surfactant-polymer-water systems.