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Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease
12:47

Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease

Published on: February 3, 2012

Sorting cancer karyotypes by elementary operations.

Michal Ozery-Flato1, Ron Shamir

  • 1The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. ozery@post.tau.ac.il

Journal of Computational Biology : a Journal of Computational Molecular Cell Biology
|September 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a mathematical framework to analyze cancer karyotypes, inferring the history of chromosomal aberrations. Their algorithm efficiently sorts karyotypes, finding near-optimal solutions for cancer genome evolution.

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Published on: February 3, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Chromosomal aberrations are hallmarks of cancer, linked to aberrant genes in carcinogenesis.
  • Inferring the history of genomic events in cancer karyotypes is a significant analytical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a mathematical framework for analyzing chromosomal aberrations in cancer karyotypes.
  • To introduce and solve the problem of sorting karyotypes by elementary operations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical framework for analyzing cancer karyotypes.
  • Introduced the problem of sorting karyotypes by elementary operations to find the shortest sequence of events.
  • Proved a lower bound for elementary distance and presented a polynomial-time 3-approximation algorithm.

Main Results:

  • Applied the algorithm to 58,464 karyotypes from the Mitelman database (94% supported assumptions).
  • The 3-approximation algorithm produced optimal (lower bound matching) sequences in 99.9% of tested karyotypes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed mathematical framework and algorithm are effective for analyzing cancer karyotype evolution.
  • The algorithm demonstrates high accuracy in reconstructing the history of chromosomal aberrations in cancer genomes.