Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CRISPR-mediated precise large fragment insertion in zygotes enables rapid generation of humanized immunoglobulin heavy-chain mice.

Immunity·2026
Same author

Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

Nature·2026
Same author

DNA origami-bilayer systems for dissecting the nanoscale antigen landscape in B cell immune synapse formation.

Methods in cell biology·2026
Same author

Spatially resolved transcriptomics identifies intercellular signaling post-ischemic stroke that controls neural stem cell proliferation.

Stem cell reports·2026
Same author

Protective immunity against malaria by a nanoparticle CIS43-based junctional vaccine alone or in combination with R21.

NPJ vaccines·2026
Same author

Germline-targeting HIV immunogen induces cross-neutralizing antibodies in outbred macaques.

Immunity·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy
15:13

High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: July 25, 2014

Microsignalosomes: spatially resolved receptor signalling.

Bebhinn Treanor1, Naomi E Harwood, Facundo D Batista

  • 1Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|September 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

B-cell activation, crucial for immunity, involves the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. Researchers are investigating the early molecular events of BCR-antigen interactions using advanced imaging techniques.

More Related Videos

Imaging pHluorin-tagged Receptor Insertion to the Plasma Membrane in Primary Cultured Mouse Neurons
12:58

Imaging pHluorin-tagged Receptor Insertion to the Plasma Membrane in Primary Cultured Mouse Neurons

Published on: November 20, 2012

Visualizing the Conformational Dynamics of Membrane Receptors Using Single-Molecule FRET
10:59

Visualizing the Conformational Dynamics of Membrane Receptors Using Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: August 17, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy
15:13

High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: July 25, 2014

Imaging pHluorin-tagged Receptor Insertion to the Plasma Membrane in Primary Cultured Mouse Neurons
12:58

Imaging pHluorin-tagged Receptor Insertion to the Plasma Membrane in Primary Cultured Mouse Neurons

Published on: November 20, 2012

Visualizing the Conformational Dynamics of Membrane Receptors Using Single-Molecule FRET
10:59

Visualizing the Conformational Dynamics of Membrane Receptors Using Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: August 17, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B-cells are key players in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing pathogens and initiating antibody production.
  • The B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is essential for B-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation.
  • Understanding the early molecular events of BCR activation is critical for regulating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the initial molecular events following B-cell receptor (BCR) ligation with antigen.
  • To elucidate the signaling mechanisms that regulate B-cell activation and immune responses.
  • To apply high-resolution and in vivo imaging techniques to study early B-cell activation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing cutting-edge high-resolution imaging techniques.
  • Employing in vivo imaging to observe cellular processes in a living organism.
  • Investigating the molecular interactions at the cell surface upon antigen binding.

Main Results:

  • Early molecular events of B-cell activation are being characterized.
  • The study focuses on the signaling cascade initiated by BCR ligation.
  • High-resolution imaging provides insights into the dynamics of B-cell activation.

Conclusions:

  • The early molecular events of B-cell activation are complex and highly regulated.
  • BCR signaling is fundamental to adaptive immunity and immunological memory.
  • Advanced imaging techniques are instrumental in dissecting these early cellular processes.