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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Methods to Assess Subcellular Compartments of Muscle in C. elegans
10:13

Methods to Assess Subcellular Compartments of Muscle in C. elegans

Published on: November 13, 2014

The evolutionarily conserved RNA binding protein SMOOTH is essential for maintaining normal muscle function.

Isabelle Draper1, Meg E Tabaka, F Rob Jackson

  • 1Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. idraper@tuftsmedicalcenter.org

Fly
|September 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The Drosophila smooth gene disruption causes age-dependent muscle degeneration and motor dysfunction. This study reveals smooth

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Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Screen for Tissue-Specific Chaperone Interactions
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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Methods to Assess Subcellular Compartments of Muscle in C. elegans
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Published on: November 13, 2014

Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Screen for Tissue-Specific Chaperone Interactions
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Published on: June 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Drosophila smooth gene encodes a conserved RNA binding protein.
  • RNA binding proteins play crucial roles in various cellular processes.
  • The specific functions of the smooth gene, particularly in muscle physiology, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pleiotropic functions of the Drosophila smooth gene.
  • To characterize the phenotypes associated with smooth gene mutations.
  • To explore the role of smooth in age-dependent muscle degeneration and motor dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Selection and characterization of two viable adult Drosophila mutants with robust phenotypes.
  • Histological analysis of adult sm mutants, focusing on the tergal depressor of the trochanter (TDT) muscle.
  • Utilizing smooth RNA interference (RNAi) constructs targeted to mesoderm and motor neurons.
  • Physiological assays to assess gastrointestinal tract motility and overall motor function.

Main Results:

  • Disruption of the smooth/CG9218 locus leads to age-dependent muscle degeneration and motor dysfunction.
  • Adult sm mutants exhibit marked abnormalities in the TDT muscle, including loss of striations and nuclei.
  • Pathological muscle changes are observed when smooth RNAi is expressed in the mesoderm but not in motor neurons.
  • Gastrointestinal tract dysmotility precedes the thoracic muscle defect in sm mutants.

Conclusions:

  • The Drosophila SMOOTH gene is essential for maintaining muscle integrity and function.
  • SMOOTH, an RNA binding protein, plays a critical role in age-dependent muscle health.
  • These findings suggest a conserved role for the mammalian homolog, hnRNP L, in muscle physiology.