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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial precursors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Preparation of Mitochondria from Ovarian Cancer Tissues and Control Ovarian Tissues for Quantitative Proteomics Analysis
11:51

Preparation of Mitochondria from Ovarian Cancer Tissues and Control Ovarian Tissues for Quantitative Proteomics Analysis

Published on: November 18, 2019

Mitochondrial proteomics and its application in biomedical research.

Cristina Ruiz-Romero1, Francisco J Blanco

  • 1Laboratorio de Investigación Osteoarticular y del Envejecimiento, Unidad de Proteómica - Nodo Asociado a ProteoRed, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, 15006-A Coruña, Spain.

Molecular Biosystems
|September 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dysfunction, linked to diseases and aging, is better understood through proteomics. This review highlights advanced proteomic strategies for analyzing mitochondrial proteins and their roles in disease.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Preparation of Mitochondria from Ovarian Cancer Tissues and Control Ovarian Tissues for Quantitative Proteomics Analysis
11:51

Preparation of Mitochondria from Ovarian Cancer Tissues and Control Ovarian Tissues for Quantitative Proteomics Analysis

Published on: November 18, 2019

Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve
09:13

Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve

Published on: June 14, 2017

Two-Step Tag-Free Isolation of Mitochondria for Improved Protein Discovery and Quantification
09:04

Two-Step Tag-Free Isolation of Mitochondria for Improved Protein Discovery and Quantification

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital organelles involved in numerous cellular functions.
  • Mitochondrial DNA mutations and protein dysfunctions are implicated in diseases, aging, and cancer.
  • Proteomics has significantly advanced the understanding of mitochondrial protein functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state-of-the-art proteomic strategies in mitochondrial research.
  • To discuss the application of these proteomic strategies in biomedicine.
  • To highlight the role of proteomics in analyzing mitochondrial protein dysfunctions and their pathogenic features.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of proteomic strategies applied to mitochondrial research.
  • Analysis of current advancements in mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
  • Discussion of techniques for mitochondrial protein isolation and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Proteomics has elucidated complex mitochondrial functions and protein interactions.
  • Advanced proteomic techniques enable high-throughput analysis of mitochondrial proteomes.
  • Identification of novel mitochondrial protein biomarkers for diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics is indispensable for unraveling mitochondrial protein dysfunctions.
  • Continued application of proteomic strategies will deepen insights into mitochondrial diseases.
  • Proteomics offers powerful tools for biomedical applications in mitochondrial research.