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Related Concept Videos

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller width...
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The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats
03:48

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Published on: December 6, 2024

Circulating endocannabinoid concentrations during orthostatic stress.

Christoph Schroeder1, Sandor Batkai, Stefan Engeli

  • 1Franz Volhard Clinical Research Center, Helios Klinikum-Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.

Clinical Autonomic Research : Official Journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society
|September 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The endocannabinoid system plays a role in blood pressure regulation. Higher resting anandamide levels correlate with better tolerance to standing, contrary to expectations.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Neuroendocrinology

Background:

  • The endocannabinoid system is implicated in regulating blood pressure during stress in animals.
  • It functions partly through inhibiting sympathetic nervous system activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if hemodynamic stress from head-up tilt testing elevates endocannabinoid levels in humans.
  • To determine if increased endocannabinoid availability contributes to presyncope (fainting).

Main Methods:

  • Human participants underwent head-up tilt testing to induce hemodynamic stress.
  • Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids, including anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, were measured.

Main Results:

  • Head-up tilt testing led to an increase in 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels.
  • Anandamide plasma concentrations did not significantly change during the tilt test.

Conclusions:

  • Contrary to the initial hypothesis, resting anandamide levels were positively associated with orthostatic tolerance.
  • The findings suggest a complex role for anandamide in human cardiovascular regulation and stress response.