Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Published on: February 9, 2021
[Spanish bottled and tap water analysis and their relation with urinary lithiasis]
Félix Millán Rodríguez1, Silvia Gracia García, Rocío Jiménez Corro
1Servicio de Urología, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, España. fmillan@fundacio-puigvert.es
Objective:
To perform a chemical analysis of all the available waters in Spain with the idea of offering consume recommendations to lithiasic patients.
Material And Methods:
Information research of the chemical composition of Spanish tap and bottled water in publications, supermarkets and Internet. A descriptive study, and a correlation study between water components by means of Pearson test were performed.
Results:
Information about composition from tap water of most of the main Spanish cities and 85 bottled water brands was found. A significant correlation between calcium and magnesium concentration (p = 0.0001) and high correlation between bicarbonate and sodium concentration (p = 0.0001, Pearson coefficient 0.958) was found. It is also offered water classifications according to calcium, bicarbonate, sodium and magnesium concentrations.
Conclusion:
A guideline about water election for lithiasic patients is offered according to their geographical origin and dietetic preferences, mainly lactic consume.
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