Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

Development of the Oral Microbiota

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

The Skin Microbiota

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A propos time and autoimmunity.

Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology·2007

Same author

Autoimmunity and time entanglement.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2007

Same author

Noise and microflora behavior.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2005

Same author

Stochastic resonance-like phenomena in the context of the alimentary tract.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2005

Same author

Methotrexate treatment and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis.

Lancet (London, England)·2002

Same journal

Multiomics Profiling During Autoimmune Demyelination Highlights a Complex Regulatory Role for Ataxin-1 in B Cells.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026

Same journal

Global Trends in Light Pollution and Their Relationship With Socioeconomic Factors.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026

Same journal

Wired for Corruption: Inter-Brain Synchrony Encodes Bribery-Related Value Information and Predicts Bribery Agreement.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026

Same journal

LM-YOLO: A Lightweight Multi-Scale Enhanced Model for Forest Smoke Detection Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026

Same journal

Polyrhythm Perception and Production: A Scoping Review.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026

Same journal

DARTS-CNN-BiLSTM: Intelligent Fault Diagnosis for Computer Numerical Control Machine Tool Feed System.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

Microparticles and the hygiene hypothesis.

Pablo I Martín¹, Pablo Alejandro Sánchez, Enrique Rewald

¹Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ingeniería, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. pm@fi.mdp.edu.ar

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|September 18, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The immune system may facilitate communication between individuals through microparticles, potentially influencing collective immunity. Modern lifestyles may disrupt this interface, contributing to immune-related diseases.

More Related Videos

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

Published on: January 21, 2020

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

Published on: January 21, 2020

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

Area of Science:

Immunology
Neuroimmunology
Social Epidemiology

Background:

Functional parallelism exists between the nervous and immune systems.
The immune system may possess mechanisms for interindividual information exchange.
Environmental agents modulate molecular interfaces within the immune system.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel concept of interindividual immune system communication.
To explore the role of microparticles as mediators of immune information transfer between individuals.
To link this interindividual immune interface to public health conditions and modern lifestyle.

Main Methods:

Conceptual framework development based on existing immunological and neurobiological knowledge.
Hypothesizing the role of microparticles in mediating immune signaling.
Analyzing the potential impact of environmental factors and lifestyle on immune communication.

Main Results:

The immune system may utilize a molecular interface for interindividual communication.
Microparticles could act as a medium for transferring immune information between individuals.
Conditions like overcrowding and poor hygiene may facilitate this interindividual immune link.

Conclusions:

A novel concept of interindividual immune communication via microparticles is proposed.
This communication may play a role in collective defense mechanisms, especially in certain environmental conditions.
Disruption of this immunological interface by modern lifestyles might contribute to increased autoimmunity, allergies, and chronic inflammation.