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Published on: April 9, 2014
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review
C S P Tsang1, L P Samaranayake
1Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China. csptsang@hkucc.hku.hk
Abstract:
The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) restores immune responses against pathogens and has greatly decreased mortality. However, in about 25% to 35% of patients receiving HAART, the reconstituted immune system leads to a pathological inflammatory response, commonly known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which causes substantial short-term morbidity or even mortality. Although we have gleaned some knowledge on IRIS in the past few years, a number of unanswered questions remain. In this review, we discuss the definition, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical spectrum including oral manifestations, and management of IRIS.
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