Related Experiment Videos

Association of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor gene polymorphisms with left ventricular mass and geometry in

T Horio1, K Kamide, S Takiuchi

  • 1Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan. thorio@ri.ncvc.go.jp

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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

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