Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carrier Generation and Recombination01:22

Carrier Generation and Recombination

Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
This process is given by the generation rate G and is efficient due to the conservation of momentum between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum.
Indirect generation involves an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Metabolic profiles in umbilical cord blood associated with neonatal brain injury in selective fetal growth restriction].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi·2026
Same author

[Dose-response relationship of multidimensional lifestyle with anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: a moderated analysis on overweight/obesity effect].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2026
Same author

[Association between light exposure at night and pubertal development in children and adolescents].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2026
Same author

[Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of legionnaires' disease in China based on multi-source data].

Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]·2026
Same author

The small-cage induced sedentariness in male young rats: evidence from energy expenditure and glucose uptake.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Nascent extracellular matrix converts biomaterial cues into cell fate decisions.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 60 km fiber using an integrated silicon photonic receiver.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

E2E-OCT: end-to-end joint learning model using optical coherence tomography images for vocal cord leukoplakia diagnosis.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Holographic generation of panoramic 3D scenes by concave ellipsoidal mirror reflection.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Dual-pilot phase recovery with pair-wise maximum-ratio combining for coherent PONs.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Mapping the whispering gallery modes of a CaF<sub>2</sub> disk resonator with half-tapered fibers to estimate the fundamental mode volume.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Quantitative estimation of deep-subwavelength scale via dark-field scattering axial energy concentration decay profiles.

Optics letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Second-harmonic generation in ferroelectric liquid crystals.

J Y Liu, M G Robinson, K M Johnson

    Optics Letters
    |September 18, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We achieved efficient second-harmonic generation in ferroelectric liquid crystals. The material SCE9 demonstrates four times greater frequency doubling efficiency than previously reported materials.

    More Related Videos

    Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
    10:35

    Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

    Published on: May 29, 2018

    An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
    10:33

    An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

    Published on: February 27, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
    07:03

    Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

    Published on: August 15, 2018

    Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
    10:35

    Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

    Published on: May 29, 2018

    An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
    10:33

    An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

    Published on: February 27, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Materials Science
    • Condensed Matter Physics

    Background:

    • Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) are promising materials for nonlinear optical applications.
    • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a key nonlinear optical process for frequency conversion.
    • Efficient SHG in FLCs requires precise control over material properties and phase-matching conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and quantify second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the ferroelectric liquid crystal material SCE9.
    • To determine the absolute values of the nonlinear optical d-tensor components for SCE9.
    • To compare the SHG efficiency of SCE9 with other leading ferroelectric liquid crystal materials.

    Main Methods:

    • Phase-matched SHG experiments were conducted using the SCE9 material.
    • Analysis of experimental results to extract nonlinear optical coefficients.
    • Determination of optical properties, including refractive indices, to assess material characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • Phase-matched SHG was successfully demonstrated in SCE9.
    • Absolute values for all nonzero d-tensor components were obtained.
    • SCE9 exhibited four times higher frequency doubling efficiency compared to the previously most efficient FLC material (ZLI3654).
    • An effective nonlinear coefficient (d_eff) of 0.010(1) x 10^-12 m/V was measured at the phase-matching angle (19.1 degrees).
    • Experimental data confirmed near-uniaxial optical properties with determined refractive index differences.

    Conclusions:

    • SCE9 is a highly efficient material for frequency doubling via second-harmonic generation.
    • The detailed characterization of its nonlinear optical properties provides valuable data for device applications.
    • The findings establish SCE9 as a superior alternative to existing ferroelectric liquid crystals for nonlinear optical applications.