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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

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Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
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Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

[Interstitial lung disease].

H-P Hauber¹, D Kirsten

¹Medizinische Klinik, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel. hphauber@fz-borstel.de

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie

|September 18, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is linked to vasculitis, connective tissue disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. This article reviews ILD

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

Rheumatology and Pulmonology
Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases

Context:

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) frequently co-occurs with systemic autoimmune conditions.
Small vessel vasculitis, particularly ANCA-associated vasculitis (e.g., Wegener's granulomatosis), often involves lung parenchyma.
Rheumatoid arthritis is another significant cause of ILD and pulmonary fibrosis.

Purpose:

To provide a comprehensive overview of interstitial lung disease in the context of vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and connective tissue diseases.
To detail the clinical, histological, and radiological manifestations of ILD in these conditions.
To discuss current diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies for ILD associated with these autoimmune disorders.

Summary:

Reviews the association between vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and interstitial lung disease.
Highlights diagnostic methods including auto-antibody testing, pulmonary function tests, imaging (X-ray, CT), bronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage.
Covers clinical, histological, and radiological patterns, along with treatment options for ILD in these patient groups.

Impact:

Enhances understanding of the multifaceted presentation of ILD in autoimmune diseases.
Aids clinicians in diagnosing and managing patients with overlapping rheumatologic and pulmonary conditions.
Provides a consolidated resource for research into the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for autoimmune-related ILD.