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A Video Surveillance System to Monitor Breeding Colonies of Common Terns (Sterna Hirundo)
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Can cat predation help competitors coexist in seabird communities?

Dominique Pontier1, David Fouchet, Joël Bried

  • 1Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR, Villeurbanne, France.

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|September 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Predators can alter seabird nesting success on islands. Early arrival may not guarantee reproductive success if predators favor later arrivals, impacting population dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Island Biogeography
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Nest site availability is crucial for seabird population regulation on islands.
  • Arrival timing at colonies influences reproductive success and competition for nesting sites.
  • Introduced predators can disrupt typical breeding advantages for early-arriving seabirds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how predation pressure affects the advantage of early nest monopolization by seabirds.
  • To model the interplay between arrival dates, nest competition, and predation in insular seabird populations.
  • To determine the conditions under which predation influences species coexistence or favors late-arriving species.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical model simulating competition for nesting sites between two seabird species with different arrival dates.
  • Analysis of how seasonal variations in predation pressure impact the relative success of early versus late-arriving birds.
  • Evaluation of the trade-off between early nest acquisition and increased predation exposure.

Main Results:

  • Predation can counterbalance the benefits of early arrival, potentially ensuring species coexistence or favoring late-arriving species.
  • The impact of predation is significant only when seasonal variations in predation pressure are substantial.
  • Arriving early is advantageous only up to a certain threshold; beyond this, high reproductive success does not offset prolonged exposure to intense predation.

Conclusions:

  • Predation can be a key factor in maintaining the balance between seabird species with differing breeding phenologies.
  • The dynamics of introduced predators can reverse the typical advantages associated with early colonial nesting.
  • Understanding predator-prey interactions is essential for predicting seabird population dynamics on islands.