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Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
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Contingent negative variations associated with command swallowing in humans.

Toshiya Nonaka1, Masafumi Yoshida, Taketo Yamaguchi

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8310 Tokyo, Japan.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|September 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Investigating brain activity during swallowing revealed that command swallowing, signaled by a cue, activates more brain areas, including the prefrontal cortex, than volitional swallowing itself.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Swallowing Research

Background:

  • The cerebral cortex plays a crucial role in complex motor functions, including swallowing.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms differentiating voluntary and cued swallowing is essential for clinical applications.
  • Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) and Movement-Related Cortical Potential (MRCP) are electrophysiological measures used to study cortical activity preceding movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differences in cortical activity between command swallowing and volitional swallowing.
  • To clarify the role of the cerebral cortex in initiating and executing swallowing movements.
  • To explore the cognitive functions associated with command swallowing using electrophysiological recordings.

Main Methods:

  • Human subjects performed two swallowing tasks: command swallowing (swallowing in response to a sound cue) and volitional swallowing (swallowing voluntarily during a breath hold).
  • Electrophysiological recordings, including contingent negative variation (CNV) and movement-related cortical potential (MRCP), were measured.
  • Suprahyoid muscle activation was assessed using electromyography (EMG) to determine the onset of swallowing.

Main Results:

  • Both CNV and MRCP were detected preceding suprahyoid muscle activation in both swallowing tasks.
  • The amplitude of CNV during command swallowing was significantly higher than MRCP during volitional swallowing.
  • No significant difference was observed in suprahyoid muscle activity between the two tasks, indicating similar motor execution.

Conclusions:

  • CNV likely reflects the involvement of the prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area during command swallowing.
  • The processing of a swallow cue activates broader cortical areas compared to volitional swallowing.
  • Analyzing CNV provides insights into the cognitive processes underlying command swallowing.